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Monday 25 May 2015

VOCAB 4


1.       Palpable, palpability, palpably
- obvious and noticeable
- easily noticeable

Examples :
~ the tension in the negotiating room was palpable
~ a small but palpable lump in my neck
~ a  palpable case of lying under oath

2.       Tremendous, tremendously, tremendousness
- very large or great
- very good or excellent

Examples :
~ tremendous problems
~ had a tremendous time
~ a writer of tremendous talent
~ a tremendous number of people
~ that’s a tremendous amount of work for one person

3.       Horrendous
- very bad or unpleasant
- horrible, dreadful

Examples:
~ the tax rate was horrendous
~ horrendous crimes
~ a horrendous explosion shook the building
~ a horrendous breach of good manners that should not escape censure
~ emergency room personnel must not flinch even from the most horrendous injuries

4.       Breach (n)
- a failure to do what is required by a law an agreement or a duty; failure to act in a required or promised way
- a break in friendly relations between people or groups
- a hole or opening in something (such as wall) made by breaking through it

Examples :
~ This is clearly a breach of the treaty
~ He was fined for committing a breach of the peace
~ Many people consider her decision to be a breach of trust/confidence

5.       Flinch (v/n) , flincher
- to move suddenly because you are afraid of being hit or hurt
- to show fear : to hesitate from doing something unpleasant or dangerous

Examples :
~ He flinched when I tapped him on the shoulder
~ She met danger without flinching
~ The bill was much higher than expected, but he paid it without flinching

6.       Bulky , bulkier, bulkiest, bulkily, bulkiness
- large and difficult to carry or store
- of a person : large and fat or muscular

Examples :
~ a bulky wool sweater
~ a big, bulky package
~ a big, bulky football player

7.       Exude, exuded, exuding
- to produce a liquid or smell that flows out slowly
- to flow out slowly
- to show ( a quality, emotion, etc) very clearly or strongly

Example :
~ a sticky resin exudes from the bark of the tree

8.       Scathe (n/v)
- harm, injury

Example :
~ All the stuff survived the whole night unscathed and didn’t even make the slightest move from their original positions.

9.       Sluggish (adj) , sluggishly, sluggishness
- moving slowly or lazily

Examples :
~ the sluggish pace of the project is worrisome
~ reptiles are naturally sluggish at low temperatures

10.   Exaggerate
- to think or describe something as larger or greater  than it really is
- to make (something) larger or greater than normal
- to make an overstatement

Examples :
~ the American colonist John Smith is believed by many historians to have exaggerated his adventures
~ it would be impossible to exaggerate the importance of this entrance exam

11.   Authentic, authentically, authenticity
- real or genuine; not copied or false
- true and accurate
- made to be or look just like an original

Examples :
~ found an authentic Native American arrowhead
~ an authentic reconstruction of the Parthenon as it believed to have looked when first built

12.   Cupola (n) , cupolaed (adj)
- a rounded roof or part of a roof
- a small structure that is built on top of a roof

Example :
~ The house is decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies.

13.   Encroach , encroacher, encroachment
- to gradually move into an area that is beyond the usual or desired limits
- to gradually take or begin to use or affect something that belongs to someone else or that someone else is using.

Example :
~ each year the sea continues to encroach upon the island’s beaches

14.   Obliterate , obliterated, obliterating, obliteration, obliterator
-
to destroy (something) completely so that nothing is left

Example :
~ In a stroke, the March snowstorm obliterated our hopes for an early spring

15.   Coquette (n) , coquettish , coquettishly, coquettishness
-
a woman who likes to win the attention or admiration of men but does not have serious feelings for them

Example :
~ Only Miss Emily’s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores

16.   Bemuse(v); bemusedly, bemusement
-
to cause (someone) to be confused and often also somewhat amused

Examples :
~ Seems truly bemused that people beyond his circle in Seattle would be interested in his ruminations – Ruth B. Smith
~ a public that seemed more bemused by the shenanigans of celebrities than by a war being waged half a world away
~ the stage mishap momentarily bemused the actress

17.   Amuse(v); amused, amusing, amusedly, amuser
-
to make someone laugh or smile : to entertain (someone) in a light and pleasant way
- to get the attention of (someone) in a pleasant way as time passes

Examples:
~ amuse the child with a story
~ the joke doesn’t amuse me
~ His silly jokes amused the audience
~ It amuses me to think of how he looked when I last saw him

18.   Devious (adj) , deviously, deviousness
-
willing to lie and trick people in order to get what is wanted
- not  straight or direct ; having many twists and turns

Examples :
~ a devious path
~ devious breezes
~ devious conduct
~ a devious politician
~ we always left it to our most devious friends to find out the latest information
~ a devious trail through the swampland
~ her behavior is devious because of a developmental disorder

19.   Shenanigan(n)
-
a devious trick used especially for an underhand purpose
- tricky or questionable practices or conduct – usually used in plural
- high-spirited or mischievous activity – usually used in plural

Examples :
~ students engaging in youthful shenanigans on the last day of school
~ an act of vandalism that went way beyond the usual shenanigans at the summer camp
~ the street-corner huckster of pirated DVDs had all sorts of shenanigans to keep the cops off of his tail

20.   Huckster(n) , hucksterism ;; (intrans/trans v) huckstered, huckstering
-
someone who sells or advertises something in an aggressive, dishonest, or annoying way

21.   Medieval (adj) , medievally
-
of or relating to the Middle Ages (A.D. 500- 1500)
- very old ; too old to be useful or acceptable

22.   Conspicuous (adj) , conspicuously
-
very easy to notice or see
- attracting attention by being great or impressive

Examples :
~ conspicuous changes
~ a conspicuous success
~ the seven-foot-tall basketball player is conspicuous in any crowd
~ conspicuous bureaucratic waste that drives taxpayers crazy

23.   Sanction (n/trans v) , sanctioned, sanctioning, sanctionable (adj)
-
an action that is taken or an order that is given to force a country to obey international laws by limiting or stopping trade with that country, by not allowing economic aid for that country, etc.
- official permission or approval
- trans. V : to officially accept or allow (something)

Examples :
~ The government has sanctioned the use of force
~ His actions were not sanctioned by his superiors

24.   Aptitude (n) , aptitudinal (adj)
-
a natural ability to do something or to learn something
- inclination, tendency

Examples :
~ an aptitude for hard work
~ an aptitude for languages
~ bored teenagers with an aptitude for getting into trouble
~ has an aptitude for math

25.   Relish (n/trans v)
-
enjoyment of or delight in something
- a feeling of liking something
- trans v : to enjoy or take pleasure in (something)

Examples :
~ eat with great relish
~ I relish travelling to new places
~ I don’t relish the idea/prospect/though of working late tonight
~ He relishes the chance/opportunity to compete again

26.   Audacity
-
a confident and daring quality that is often seen as shocking or rude ; audacious quality

Example:
~ had the audacity to defy his boss
~ her worst audacities did not seem to surprise him
~ I can’t believe she had the audacity to tell me to shut up !

27.   Zealous (adj)
-
feeling or showing strong and energetic support  for a person, cause etc

Examples :
~ zealous missionaries
~ zealous enemies

28.   Ruth (n) , ruthful, ruthless
-
compassion for the misery of another
- sorrow for one’s own faults

Example :
~ listening to your flippant comments about the  homeless, I wonder if you have any ruth

29.   Reconcile
-
to find a way of making (two diff ideas, facts, etc) exist or be true at the same time
- to cause people or groups to become friendly again after an argument or disagreement

Example :
~ historians have never been able to reconcile the two eyewitness accounts of the battle

30.   Permeate
-
to pass or spread through (something)

Examples:
~ a room permeated with tobacco smoke
~ the smell of freshly baked bread permeated the house

31.   Incursion(n)
-
a sudden invasion or attack
- an act of entering a place or area that is controlled by an enemy

Example :
~ there were incursions from the border every summer

32.   Denigrate
-
to say very critical and often unfair things about (someone)
- to make (something) seem less important or valuable
- belittle

Examples:
~ denigrate one’s opponents
~ denigrate their achievements
~ theater critics have been denigrating her acting ability for years

33.   Kiss off (trans v)
-
to dismiss usually lightly

Examples :
~ kiss other performers off as mere amateurs
~ kisses off every girlfriend with the line, “It’s not you…it’s me”
~ a chef who airily kisses off the cuisine of his rivals as homey comfort food

34.   Garnish
- (trans v) to put something on (food) as a decoration
- something  that is put on food as decoration


35.   Relinquish (trans v) , relinquishment
- to give up (something)
- to give something(eg. Power, control or possession) to another person or group

Examples :
- relinquish a title
- slowly relinquished his grip on the bar
- few leaders willingly relinquish power
- the boy reluctantly relinquished the illegal fireworks to the police officer
- the retiring CEO relinquished his position to the company’s vice president with very mixed feelings

" Maka nikmat TuhanMu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan? "

Monday 16 March 2015

VOCAB 3



1.       Remorse (n)
- a feeling of sorry for doing something bad or wrong in the past : a feeling of guilt

Example :
~ he felt a deep remorse for having neglected his family over the years


2.       Torment (n/v)
- extreme physical or mental pain

- something that causes extreme physical or mental pain; torture

Example :
~ She vowed a whole-life torment to those who had hurt her family members

3.       Monstrosity , monstrosities
- something (such as building) that is very large and ugly

- a malformation of a plant or animal , freak
- an object of great and often frightening size, force or complexity; and excessively bad  or shocking example

Examples :
~ any monstrosities born to the farm animals were sent to the agricultural college for study

~ filled the haunted house with all sorts of spooks and mechanical monstrosities
~ we were glad when the city tore down that monstrosity that used to stand across from the park

4.       Refugee (n)
- someone who has been forced to leave a country because of war or for religious or political reasons


Example :
~ refugees began returning to their homeland after years  of political unrest and war

5.       Sentry , sentries (n)
- guard, watch, a soldier who guards a door, gate, etc


Example :
~ a sentry posted to watch for intruders

6.       Insatiable (adj) , insatiability, insatiableness, insatiably
- always wanting more; not able to be satisfied; quenchless


Examples :
~ an insatiable need for the approval of others
~ had an insatiable desire for wealth

7.       Scourge
- someone or something that causes a great amount of trouble or suffering
- a whip that was used to punish people in the past

Example :
~ a city ravaged by the scourge of unemployment/poverty

~ the disease continues to be a scourge in the developing world
~ spelling is the scourge of leaners of English
8.       Monastery, monasteries
- a place where monks live and work together


Example :
~ Gregory Mendel worked out his concepts of genetics by doing breeding experiments using pea plants in the monastery’s garden


9.       Devour (v) , devourer(n)
- to eat up greedily or ravenously

- to use up or destroy  as if by eating <we are devouring the world’s resources>
- to prey upon <devoured by guilt>
- to enjoy avidly <devours books>

Examples :
~ a series of devastating storms devoured the beach on the south side of the island
~ a catastrophic medical event that devoured their savings
~ the starving villagers simply devoured the relief food

10.   Sought – past and past participle for seek

Example:
~ The cave gave him the extraordinary power that he sought to defeat his enemies

11.   Annihilate, annihilated, annihilating, annihilation, annihilator, annihilatory (adj)
- to destroy (something or someone) completely

- to defeat (someone) completely

Examples :
~ the family’s attempts to annihilate the roach population in their apartment had met with little success

~the tornado simply annihilated the family’s home
~ we didn’t just win; we absolutely annihilated them!

12.   Intuitively , intuitiveness, intuitively
- having the ability to know or understand things without any proof or evidence : having or characterized by intuition

- based on or agreeing with what is known or understood without any proof or evidence; known or understood by intuition
- agreeing with what seems naturally right

Examples :
~ had an intuitive awareness of his sister’s feelings (known or perceived by intuition)

~ intuitive truths (knowable by intuition)
~ intuitive responses / makes intuitive sense (based on agreeing with intuition)
~ possessing or given to intuition or insight (an intuitive mind)

13.   Decisive(adj) , decisively, decisiveness
- able to make choices quickly and confidently

- causing something to end in a particular way; determining what the result of something will be
- very clear and obvious

Examples :
~ only a team with a decisive attitude is going to win a state championship

~ a lawyer who knows how to construct the kind of decisive argument that sways a jury
~ the decisive finding of the coroner regarding the cause of death
~ a decisive manner (determined)
~ a decisive superiority (unquestionable)
~ a decisive battle (having the power of quality of deciding)

14.   Majestic (adj) , majestically
-
large and impressively beautiful


Examples :
~ a majestic pillar of society who continues to entertain in grand style

~ a majestic Egyptian pyramid that has enthralled travelers for aeons (ages)

15.   Goo(n) , gooey, gooeyness
-
a wet and sticky substance

- sentimental tripe (something that is worthless, unimportant, or of poor quality)

Examples :
~ What’s this goo all over the stove?
~ The movie is nothing but a lot of romantic/sentimental goo

16.   Emasculate , emasculate, emasculated, emasculating, emasculation, emasculator
-
to make (a man) feel  less masculine

- to make (something) weaker or less effective

Example :
~ being eliminated early in one’s very first tennis tournament can be an emasculating experience


17.   Amity(n)  , amities
- a feeling of friendship; friendly relations between nations or groups

Example :
~ a youth club fostering amity among the city’s many and diverse ethnic groups


18.   Sumptuous(adj) , sumptuously, sumptuousness
- very expensive, rich or impressive


Example :
~ the cruise ship claims to offer sumptuous furnishings, exquisitely prepared cuisine(a style of cuisine), and stellar entertainment


19.   Exquisite(adj), exquisitely, exquisiteness
- finely done or made; very  beautiful or delicate

- very sensitive or fine
- extreme or intense

Example :
~ an exquisite vase

20.   Stellar(adj)
- of or relating to the stars
- very good

Examples :
~ humankind’s dream of stellar navigation is hampered by the vast distances between the stars, even in our own galaxy

~ this miniature palm tree is a stellar example of the art of bonsai

21.   Hamper
1(v) - to slow the movement, progress, or action of (someone or something)
- to restrict the movement of by bonds or obstacles; impede
- to interfere with the operation of; disrupt
- restrain

Example :
~ humankind’s dream of stellar navigation is hampered by the vast distances between the stars, even in our own galaxy


2(n) - a basket of food
- a basket for holding dirty  clothes until they can be washed

Examples :
~ a picnic hamper

~ a clothes hamper

22.    Constraint(n)
- something that limits or restricts someone or something
- control that limits or restricts someone’s actions or behavior

Examples :
~ in civilized society people do not just say or do whatever they feel like – they exercise some constraint
~ put legal constraints on the board’s activities
~ parental constraint can take several different forms, including a denial of the approval that children usually seek from their parents

23.   Astonish
-
to cause a feeling of great wonder or surprise in (someone)


Example:
~ the news that you and she broke up absolutely astonishes me


24.   Preposterous(adj), preposterously, preposterousness
-
very foolish or silly


Examples :
~ the idea that extraterrestrials built the pyramids is preposterous

~ a preposterous suggestion to go swimming in this freezing weather
~ the movie thriller had such a preposterous plot that we were on the edge of our seats snickering (giggle, laugh in disrespect)

25.   Gruesome(adj), gruesomely, gruesomeness
-
causing horror or disgust


Example :
~ didn’t stick around to hear the gruesome details of the car accident


26.   Brace(v/n)
-
to get ready for something difficult or unpleasant

- to give added physical support or strength to (something)
- to support (yourself) by leaning against something or holding something

Examples :
1(v)~ brace yourself for the shock (prepare)

~ braces his foot in the stirrup (to put or plant firmly)
~ The town is bracing for a busy tourist season
~ We braced for the storm.
~ Brace yourself. I have some bad news.

2(v) ~ we need some sort of brace to hold the shelf in place
~ he could walk with braces on his legs
~ she wears a back/neck brace

27.   Ambiguous(adj), ambiguously, ambiguousness
-
able to be understood in more than one way; having more than one possible meaning

- not expressed or understood clearly

Example :
~ eyes of an ambiguous color (indistinct, uncertain)
~ an ambiguous smile / an ambiguous term / an ambiguous term (capable of being understood in two or more possible senses or ways)
~ the exact reason for the change in plans is ambiguous, but I suspect it has something to do with money

28.   Enthrall, enthralled, enthralling, enthrallment
-
to hold the attention of (someone) by being very exciting, interesting or beautiful


Examples :
~ enthralled by the flickering fire in the hearth, we lost all track of time
~ for years these master magicians have been enthralling audiences with their astounding illusions
~ a play that will enthrall you for two hours

29.   Encumber, encumbered, encumbering
-
to make (someone or something) hold or carry something heavy

- to cause problems or difficulties for (someone or something)

Examples :
~ tourists encumbered by heavy luggage
~ negotiations encumbered by a lack of trust (to impede or hamper the function or activity of)
~ encumber an estate (to burden with a legal claim(as a mortgage))
~ the claim that all of these regulations encumber doctors, taking time away from the actual practice of medicine
~ don’t encumber your pack animal so much that it can hardly move

30.   Phlegmatic(adj) , phlegmatically
-
not easily upset, excited or angered


Example :
~ a strangely phlegmatic response to what should have been happy news

31.   Choleric(adj) , cholerically, irascible
-
made angry easily


Examples :
~ watch out for the choleric librarian at the reference desk
~ I absolutely get choleric when a telemarketer calls during the dinner hour

32.   Vague (adj) , vaguely, vagueness, vaguer, vaguest
-
not clear in meaning; stated in a way that is general and not specific

- not thinking or expressing your thoughts clearly or precisely
- not completely formed or developed

Example :
~ The instructions she left were vague and difficult to follow.
~ He gave only a vague answer.
~ The judges determined that the law was too vague to be fairly enforced.


" Maka nikmat TuhanMu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan? "

Wednesday 11 March 2015

Movie Review : Dracula Untold


Movie Review  : Dracula Untold



                Dracula Untold reflects the love of both parents towards their only heir. When the Sultan asked for 1000 boys to be trained as his army including Vlad’s only son, Vlad stood up to protect his family. He did his effort to negotiate with the Sultan, but his effort was in vain. In the cave that killed his two best men, he met a vampire. He was to seek for help. In desperation to protect his family, kingdom and people, he drank the blood of the vampire which turned him to the dark world in order to possess sufficient strength to fight Sultan and his army.
                During the war, his wife gave up her life in order to keep in Vlad’s power as a vampire to defeat Sultan and to protect their child. She was willing to sacrifice her life in order to save her child. On his beloved wife’s death, Vlad vowed that their son would be safe.

                The family moving kinship was also shown when Vlad finally sacrificed himself to the sunlight in order to keep his son away from the threat of other vampires. His vow was fulfilled. In my personal opinion, the way family kinship is conveyed in this movie is very moving. In the good side, it taught us on how much a father and a mother would sacrifice everything includes their noble soul in order to keep us alive, happy and safe.





" Maka nikmat TuhanMu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan? "

Novel Review : The Night Rainbow, Claire King



 Novel Review : The Night Rainbow by Claire King




                The Night Rainbow tells us a real-life story based on a perspective of a child, or precisely I should say that this novel shows us how a child sees the world around her. The main character, Pea, who’s five y/o and a half really grabbed my attention. She, and her little sister Margot, went on everyday life without a mother that really ‘exist’ in their daily life. ‘Exist’ means, their mother was still with them, but not her soul. Her smile, her soul was taken away either by their dad father or by the dead baby in the hospital. By that time, she was carrying Pea’s and Margot’s little brother-to-be, named Pablo. The story was awesome, how the two sisters spent time together discovering the world around them and be independent on almost every aspect of life.


                However, I regret to tell that I’m a wee bit disappointed on the ending of the story. I’m curious on who Pea really is. Is she the daughter of her dead daddy or other guy?  Who’s the bad guy in Europe Maman told her about ? What eventually happens to Claude ? Is he gonna be alone forever ? What about Maman's mother-in-law? Is she gonna hate her forever?  Dear author, if you see this, please  write a sequel to The Night Rainbow , please? Sobs~~ Anyway, it’s still a good job. Keep it up J

" Maka nikmat TuhanMu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan? "

Movie Review : Percy Jackson, Sea of Monsters


Movie Review  : Percy Jackson, Sea of Monsters



This is another story emphasizes on brotherhood. Percy is the only half-blood of Poseidon, the God of the Seas in Greek myths. He was told to  save camp Olympus once and became the savior of other half-bloods. However, one day he discovered that he had a younger brother, a Cyclon as well as the spawn of Poseidon and a sea nymph. His name was Tyson. I like the way Tyson’s stupidity annoyed Percy and his friends. But the most moving part of the movie was when Tyson sacrificed himself to save Percy from being killed. This reflected that when love is tightly bonded between brothers, sacrificing oneself to death for the sake is the other one’s safety is never a big deal, ‘cuz love is to make sure the one we love is safe from harm.


After Tyson’s “death”, Percy lost hope. But then,  Annabeth brought his spirit up again by saying that Percy should make sure that Tyson’s sacrifice was not in vain. So, he stood up and fought Kronos bravely and eventually destroyed him with his cursed blade of sword. Also in the end, he found out that Tyson was alive and that was the first time he called him ‘brother’. This taught me that sometimes, love needs a medium or even a TRAGIC reason to  be expressed. Yah, two hardest sentences in the world : I AM SORYY and I LOVE YOU. So, what are you waiting for ? Express your love before it’s too late :*





" Maka nikmat TuhanMu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan? "

Movie Review : Frozen


Movie Review : Frozen




                In my opinion, Frozen is mainly trying to convey the theme of love. It taught me the other perspective of “true love’s kiss” which most of the fairytales ended with. The uncontrollable  icy power of Elsa as a result of her endless fear was tamed by her sister Anna’s effort in bringing summer back to Arendelle, as well as having her sister back in her life. Anna’s trust to Prince Hans ended with betrayal of the royal king  himself when his greed turned him away from helping Anna in recovering  from the sickness caused by the ice in her heart placed by Elsa. Prince Hans left Anna  dying in the castle and tried to kill Elsa by the lie that her sister was dead by her curse.


                My early assumption was that Kristoff would be the “true love” of Anna. But the great director twisted the whole story plot. The love and sadness tears of her sister Elsa , when she got frozen when saving her from Hans melted her away and cured her back to normal in the same time. Happiness that knocked Elsa’s heart when seeing her sister back to life had drifted away her fear in her power. She eventually succeeded in revoking the curse towards the kingdom of Arendelle, and spare Olaf the snowman to survive in the summer which delighted him the most. I love this movie. Good job !







" Maka nikmat TuhanMu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan? "

Movie Review : Maleficent


Movie Review : Maleficent



                The narrator tells us the old story of The Sleeping Beauty beautifully anew. It is a unique plot as it combined  the heroic and villain characters in one single character, the strongest fairy in Moors named Maleficent. She had had a beautiful and bright life in Moors until one day her trust towards Stefan was betrayed. Stefan took away her wings and left Maleficent in a dark vengeful world.

                Maleficent then paid her revenge towards Stefan by cursing his princess, Aurora, into an eternal sleep after she touched the tip of needle of a spinning wheel before sunset on her sixteenth birthday. She can only be cured by the true love’s kiss which I taught was the prince she met in the garden, but unfortunately not. Maleficent regret her curse and regret herself for her failure in revoking her curse towards Aurora. Her mother-like kiss on Aurora’s forehead awoke her from the sleep and broke the curse.


                Just like Frozen, Maleficent tells us the other version of TRUE LOVE, which is genuine love between humans. I love this material very much and I keep repeating it over and over again. Excellent !


                  
~ Princess Aurora, the cursed
~ Maleficent as a young and bright fairy
                       


" Maka nikmat TuhanMu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan? "

VOCAB 2





1.       Contempt
- a feeling that someone or something is not worthy of any respect or approval.
- a lack of respect for or fear of something that is usually respected or feared.
- willful disobedience to or open disrespect of a court, judge, or legislative body

Examples:
~ contempt of court
~ my undying contempt for people who abuse animals

2.       Approbate, approbated, approbating, approbation
- approve, sanction

Example:
~ Congress must approbate the President’s nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court


3.       Nominate (v), nominating, nominated, nominatable, nominator, nominee
- to formally choose (someone) as a candidate for a job, position, office, etc

- to choose (someone) for job, position, etc
- to choose (someone or something) as a candidate for receiving an honor or award

Examples:
~ the first drawing, which we’ll nominate as Plan A, shows how the house would look with the smaller annex
~ the U.S. Constitution directs the president to nominate ambassadors

4.       Disdain
- a feeling of strong dislike or disapproval of someone or something you think does not deserve respect

- to look on with scorn < disdained him as a coward>
- to refuse or abstain from because of a feeling of contempt or scorn  < disdained to answer their questions >
- despise

Examples:
~ They disdained him for being weak

~ teenagers who disdain authority
~ a critic who disdains all modern art


5.       Abstain, abstainer
- to choose not to do or have something

- to choose not to vote
- to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice

Example :
~ abstain from drinking

6.       Scorn
- a feeling that someone or something is not worthy of any respect or approval

- a harsh criticism that shows a lack of respect or approval for someone or something
- disdain

Example:
~ I have nothing but scorn for people who are cruel to animals
~ They treated his suggestion with scorn
~ an expression full of scorn

7.       Refrain
- 1 – to stop yourself from doing something that you wanna do

Example ~ refrained from having dessert

- 2 – a phrase or verse that is repeated regularly in a poem or song – a comment or statement that is regularly repeated
Examples :
~ A common refrain among teachers these days is that the schools need more funding
~ I didn’t know the verses of the songs, so I only sang on the refrain

8.       Jargon
- the language used by a particular activity or by a particular group of people, slang

Example :
~ Each occupation has its own jargon; bankers, lawyers and computer professionals, for example, all use among themselves language which outsiders have difficulty following.


9.       Garrulous, garrulously, garrulousness, blabby, chatty, gabby, motormouthed, loquacious
- very talkative

Examples :
~ A garrulous boy was in constant trouble for talking out of turn
~ Now that he’s in anecdotage(garrulous old age), Grandpa likes to tell garrulous, shaggy-dog accounts of his youthful misadventures.

10.    Equivocal, equivocality, equivocally, equivocalness
- having two or more possible meanings
- not easily understood or explained
- debatable
- obscure

Examples :
~ the evidence that this latest diet really results in lasting weight loss is certainly equivocal
~ his demand that I  promptly pay what I owe him ended with the equivocal  threat “or else”
~ a number of people are clearly equivocal about allowing casino gambling in the state
~ an equivocal statement
~ equivocal evidence
~ equivocal behavior

11.   Obscure
1- not well-known
- difficult to understand : likely to be understood by only a few people
- difficult or impossible to know completely with certainty
- remote, secluded

Examples:
~ An obscure village
~ An obscure poet
~ Obscure markings (not clearly seen)

2- to make (something) difficult to understand or know : to make something obscure
  - to hide or cover (something) : to be in front of (something) so it cannot be seen

Examples :
~ The true history has been obscured by legends about what happened.
~ They accused the company of trying to obscure the fact that the product poses a health risk
~ Low clouds obscured the mountains

12.   Govern
-
to officially control and lead (a group of people) : to make decisions about laws, taxes, social programs, etc for (a country, state, etc)

- to control the way something is done
- to control or guide the actions of (someone or something)

Examples :
~ the president is elected in order to govern the country, not to follow public polls

~ you need to govern your speech and be able to communicate your outrage without resorting to profanity
~ the company’s finances are governed by its chief financial officer
~ income must govern expenditure

13.   Profanity
-
offensive language/word


Examples :
~ a rap song that is filled with profanities

~ once notorious for its profanity, that 1950’s best seller will strike today’s readers as lamentably tame

14.   Notorious
-
well-known or famous especially for something bad


Examples :
~ a notorious mastermind of terrorist activities
~ a book signing for a notorious author of tell-all celebrity biographies

15.   Lament
-
to express sorrow, regret or unhappiness about something


Examples :
~ The poem is a lament for a lost love

~ the national lament that was heard when President Kennedy was assassinated

16.   Gregarious, gregariously, gregariousness
- enjoying the company of other people

- tending to live in groups

Examples :
~A gregarious child who ran up to every person on the playground and wanted to be their friend
~ walruses are highly gregarious

17.   Meager, meagerly, meagerness
- very small or too small in amount

- not having enough of something ( such as money or food) for comfort or happiness

Examples :
~ Leading a meager life (lacking desirable qualities)
~ a meager diet
~ Ever since he started the diet, his dinners have been more meager than he would like.

18.   Hand-to-mouth
- having only enough money to survive/having or providing nothing to spare beyond basic necessities

Example :
~ a hand-to-mouth existence

19.   Gruff
- rough or very serious in manner or speech

- of a voice : low and rough

Examples :
~ a gruff reply

~ a gruff voice

20.   Scurry, scurried, scurrying
- to move quickly and with short steps


Example :
~ everyone scurried back to work as soon as they saw the boss’s car pull into the parking lot

21.   Elate, elated, elating
- to make (someone) very happy and excited (v)
- to feel happy (adj)

Example:
~ I smiled to myself and felt elate

22.   Discord
-  lack of agreement between people, ideas, etc

- an unpleasant combination of musical notes

Example :
~ a political party long racked by discord


23.   Sprightly, sprightlier, sprightliest, sprightliness,
- full of life and energy, lively


Example :
~ a sprightly child who often claims to be too tired to move when it’s time to do chores


24.   Gassy, gassier, gassiest, glassily, gassiness
- of or containing gas
- having gas in your stomach
- having or using many words but not saying things that are very important or interesting; emptily verbose

Example :
~ another gassy speech by a long-winded politician

25.   Agile(adj) agilely(adv)
- able to move quickly and easily

- quick, smart and clever

Examples :
~ an agile mind

~ the expressive movements of agile dancers
~ agile herons wading in the marsh

26.   Dubious (adj) , dubiously, dubiousness
- unsure or uncertain ; feeling doubt about something


Examples :
~ a dubious plan
~ the practice is of dubious legality
~ I was dubious about the plan
~ any letter bearing the signature of Geronimo would be of dubious authenticity, to say the least
~ I’m dubious about our plan to  go hang gliding without having any training
~ made the dubious claim of being of royal blood

27.   Flurry (n/v) , flurries (plural) , flurried, flurrying
- a brief and light snowfall

- a brief period of excitement or activity
- a large amount of something that happens or comes suddenly

Example :
~ The manmade living snowman, Olaf, has its own little flurry.

28.   Stinker (n)
- a person/thing that is disliked
- something (such as book or film) that is very bad
- smth extremely difficult (the examination was a real stinker)

Examples :
~ the movie is a stinker

~ some stinker nearly crashed his SUV into me because he was yakking on his cell phone

29.   Yak
- to talk in a loud way often for a long time


Example :
~ Half the people on the train were yakking (away) on their cell phones

30.   Vivid (adj), vividly, vividness
- of a picture, memory, etc : seeming like real life because it is very clear, bright or detailed

- very bright in color
- lively
- clear, distinct mental images ~ a vivid description

Examples :
~ a vivid sketch

~ vivid language that made the scene come alive in my mind

31.   Thaw
1- (v) to stop being frozen or to cause (smth) to stop being frozen

    of weather : to become warm enough that snow and ice melt
- to return to a normal temperature after being very cold

Examples :
~ the ice on the pond is beginning to thaw

~ plant the seeds in early spring as soon as the ground thaws
~ the meat will have to thaw out before you can use it

2- (n) a period of weather that is warm enough to melt ice and snow
- a situation in which a relationship becomes more friendly and less angry

Examples :
~ the January thaw
~  flooding from the spring thaw
~ a thaw in international relations

32.   Treason (n)
- the crime of trying to overthrow your country’s government or of helping your country’s enemies during war
- the betrayal of a trust; treachery

Example :
~ reading a friend’s diary without permission would have to be regarded as the ultimate act of personal treason

33.   Revoke, revoked, revoking, revoker
- to officially cancel the power or effect of (smth, such as a law, license, agreement, etc)

- to make (smth) not valid

Example :
~ revoke the wil
~ revoke the curse

34.   Falter, faltered, faltering, falterer, falteringly
- to stop being strong or successful; to begin to fail or weaken

- to begin to walk or move in an unsteady way
- to feel doubt  about doing something

Examples:
~ could feel my legs faltering (to move waveringly or hesitatingly)
~ her voice faltered (to speak brokenly or weakly)
~ the business was faltering (to lose drive or effectiveness)

35.   Wee (adj)
- very small (diminutive) or very young

- very early

Examples :
~ wee hours of the morning

~ He’s just a wee lad
~ She’s a wee bit late
~ I’m a wee bit confused

36.   Hovel (n)
- a small, poorly built and often dirty house


Example :
~ refugees living in crowded hovels

37.   Imbecile (n) , imbecilic
- a very stupid person; an idiot or fool


Example :
~ only an imbecile would leave their car unlocked, with the keys in the ignition, and then be surprised when the vehicle was stolen


38.   Taxing
- requiring a lot of effort, energy, etc

Examples :
~ a taxing operatic role

~ a very taxing workload that is taking a lot of time to finish

39.   Sashay (v)
- to walk in a slow and confident way that makes people notice you

Example :
~ That stupid-looking guy sashayed into the camp


40.   Spawn (v/n)
- to produce or lay eggs in water
- to cause (something) to develop or begin; to produce or create (something)
- (n) the eggs of a fish or frog

Examples :
~ Salmon spawn in late summer or fall
~ the health-food craze spawned a multimillion-dollar industry
~ the incident that spawned a generation of student protests
~ Pacific salmon return to Alaskan streams to deposit their spawn

41.   Deity (n)
- god or goddess


Example :
~ to the ancient Greeks, Zeus was the deity who ruled over the sky and weather, and Poseidon was god of the sea


42.   Ocular
- adj : of or relating to the eye

- n: eyepiece

Examples :
~ ocular inspection : done or perceived by the eye

~ ocular testimony : based on what has been seen
~ ocular muscles : of or relating to the eye

43.   Vicious
- very violent and cruel

- very dangerous
- having or showing very angry or cruel feelings

Examples :
~ a vicious winter storm ripped through the region

~ she made a vicious effort to destroy the lives of the people who had wronged her
~ the truly vicious philosophy of that racist organization


44.   Squishy, squishier, squishiest, squishiness
- soft and often wet

- not firm, steady or fixed

Examples :
~ the ground was wet and squishy

~ squishy cushions

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